Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important vegetable crop that can be improved using plant tissue culture and biotechnology. However, it is difficult to develop appropriate breeding material by in vitro cultivation in this species. Haploid plant production is useful in the breeding programs to facilitate recovery of recessive mutations and unique genetic recombinations. In embryogenesis, haploid formation from pollen in anther culture is a scientifically advanced, but controversial system. Various techniques for haploid plant regeneration are used to establish an efficient double haploid production method. The purpose of this article is to summarize, through comparison, results in pepper anther culture, problems associated with work in this field, and the influence of critical factors for successful embryo formation and plantlet development.