Eradication of tumors by the immune system relies on the efficient activation of a T-cell
response. For many years, the main focus of cancer immunotherapy has been on cytotoxic
CD8 T-cell. However, stimulation of CD4 helper T cells is critical for the promotion and
maintenance of immune memory, thus a good vaccine should evoke a two-dimensional T-
cell response. The invariant chain (Ii) is required for the MHC class II heterodimer to be
correctly guided through the cell, loaded with peptide, and expressed on the surface of …