Aorto-atrial fistulas (AAFs) are a relatively rare, but potentially life-threatening condition,
where an anomalous connection forms between the aortic structures and the cardiac atria.
AAFs are most often the result of an underlying condition concerning the cardiac structures.
It may be congenital, secondary to conditions such as aortic dissection, infective
endocarditis, or valve replacement, or iatrogenic in nature. Secondary causes incite local
deterioration of cardiac wall integrity leading to formation of fistulous connections, whereas …