… One new finding—that the frequency of appraisal equal to contract price increases at the …
that appraisals often artificially confirm the contract price, we find that mortgages with appraised …

… appraiser, and other interested parties, an understanding of the basic principles of property
assessment and real and personal property appraisal … appraiser is to prepare appraisals for …

… In the last subsection we document that both manual appraisals and simple statistical …
purchase prices, appraised values and recovery prices for a large sample of manufactured homes …

… in appraisals and real estate transactions more broadly. Given extensive inertia within the
appraisal industry and a mixed history of interactions with the non-appraisal stakeholders, it is …

… -level information for home purchase loan applications, we define the appraiser-level … :
“appraisal value” to “purchase price” minus one. Using the universe of home purchase appraisals, …

… appraisals exceed the associated contract price by 5% or more. Given the extent of upward
bias in rural appraisals… value the collateral underlying rural purchase-money mortgages. Our …

… of the appraisal industry (ie, home appraisals … appraising home value, 1 the FHA hoped to
ensure that mortgage amounts accurately reflected the market (or exchange) value of the home…

… appraisal discrimination. After examining the weaknesses of the regulatory framework …
appraisals, this Article turns to the role of the litigator, offering a primer on effective appraisal …

… We will argue in this book that all appraisals, including market valuations, should be rational.
If they are, then although accuracy can never be guaranteed, greater confidence will be …

… is similar; and (3) appraisals are superior. A second contribution of this paper is to document
the improvement in appraisal precision after the Home Valuation Code of Conduct (HVCC) …