The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in natural resource management began with the development of expert systems for problem-solving and decision-making. The use of expert systems in turn led to the development of other AI procedures pertinent to natural resource management. Of particular significance are (i) integrated expert systems, which link management models with natural resource models; (ii) intelligent geographic information systems, which permit interpretation of relations within and among landscape data themes; and (iii) AI modeling of animal behavior and interaction with the environment. These procedures provide new ways to view classic problems in systems analysis.