clinicians in every day care, but it is also required for clinical research and in randomised
controlled trials. It is crucial to distinguish disease activity from infection, chronic damage
and co-morbid disease. Over the past 20 years, many indices have been developed to
objectively measure lupus disease activity and several of these have been validated. The
most widely used indices are the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) index, the …