such as radiographs and navigation pathways, onto a view of the operative field. The
development of AR navigation has focused on improving the safety and efficacy of
neurosurgical and orthopedic procedures. In this review, the authors focus on 3 types of AR
technology used in spine surgery: AR surgical navigation, microscope-mediated heads-up
display, and AR head-mounted displays. Microscope AR and head-mounted displays offer …