breakdown structure (WBS) and a project network model based on activity-on-node (AON),
which consists of two stages:(1) optimizing earthwork volume allocation, which is intended to
define haul jobs by identifying the most economical combinations of cut and fill cells, thus
minimizing the total haul effort in rough-grading operations and (2) according to the
optimization results from Stage 1, establishing WBS and defining precedence relationships …