Army at Christmastime, we conducted a randomized field experiment placing bell ringers at
one or both main entrances to a supermarket, making it easy or difficult to avoid the ask.
Additionally, bell ringers either were silent or said “please give.” Making avoidance difficult
increased both the rate of giving and donations. Paradoxically, the verbal ask dramatically
increased giving but also led to dramatic avoidance. We argue that this illustrates …