Pollution caused by xenobiotic and other refractory substances has threatened human health and the natural environment. A wide number of environmentally undesirable pollutants, such as heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), plastics, and other agrochemicals, are rampant in the environmental matrix due to their toxicity and non‐biodegradability. Bioremediation is a rapidly emerging cleanup technology for eliminating harmful waste from damaged areas. It uses the power of a variety of microorganisms, including aerobes and anaerobes, to remediate polluted sites. Microorganisms play an important part in bioremediation since it is a process that eliminates, degrades, detoxifies, and immobilizes harmful wastes and pollutants. The basic purpose of bioremediation is to breakdown pollutants and transform them into less harmful forms. Depending on criteria, such as cost, pollutant type, and concentration, ex situ or in situ bioremediation may be utilized. This work is about the latest improvements in bioremediation methods, how microorganisms break down different toxins, and what the future holds for bioremediation to help reduce pollution around the world.