COVID-19, rheumatic diseases and immunosuppressive drugs: an appeal for medication adherence

V Venerito, G Lopalco, F Iannone - Rheumatology international, 2020 - Springer
Rheumatology international, 2020Springer
The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak has raised concerns among patients on
chronic immunosuppressive therapy because of immune response to virus perceived to be
lowered, possibly fuelling non-adherence behaviour. Indeed, high frequency of infection has
been observed in patients with rheumatic diseases. Despite immunosuppressive agents and
impaired immune function had been associated with increased risk of infection [1, 2], it must
be remembered that uncontrolled disease activity is among the most sensitive and specific …
The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak has raised concerns among patients on chronic immunosuppressive therapy because of immune response to virus perceived to be lowered, possibly fuelling non-adherence behaviour. Indeed, high frequency of infection has been observed in patients with rheumatic diseases. Despite immunosuppressive agents and impaired immune function had been associated with increased risk of infection [1, 2], it must be remembered that uncontrolled disease activity is among the most sensitive and specific independent predictors. To put research into context, for rheumatoid arthritis patients it has been estimated that each 0.6 unit increase in Disease Activity Score on 28 joints (DAS28) score corresponds to a 4% increased rate of outpatient infections and a 25% increased rate of infections requiring hospitalisation [3]. Similarly, those with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI)> 4 have 71.5% higher odds of outpatient infection [4]. Early in a pandemic, there is the paramount duty to encourage and optimize patient medication adherence to prevent arbitrary treatment discontinuation and consequent disease flare leading to an increase of infection risk. As a compelling argument in favour of medication adherence, it should be noted that some of the most administered drugs, particularly chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, have well-known antiviral effects [4], being also effective and acceptably safe for treating SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonia, as the results of Chinese clinical trials have recently shown [5].
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