Cytokines bind to specific receptors on target cells to activate intracellular signaling
pathways that control diverse cellular functions, such as proliferation, differentiation,
migration, and death. They are essential for the growth, activation, and operation of immune
cells and the control of immunological reactions to pathogens, cancer cells, and other
dangers. Based on their structural and functional properties, cytokines can be roughly
categorized into different families, such as the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family …