Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major threat to global health, estimated to be the cause
30%(17.3 million in 2008) of deaths every year, and the number of deaths caused by CVD is
expected to increase further, reaching 23.3 million by 2030. Hence, there is a growing
demand for simpler sample extraction, rapid screening results, and intervention of the
subsequent analysis in emergency units. In this paper, we reviewed CVD biomarkers in
blood-and saliva-based specimens. The history of cardiac biomarkers indicates that in the …