productivity in Pakistan. We begin our analysis by calculating six measures of agglomeration
which give us the pattern of spatial concentration across the country. To calculate these six
measures we use data at the country level and for Punjab between 1988-89 and 2005-06.
The data is derived from the Census of Establishments for 1988-89, and the Census of
Manufacturing Industries for the years 1995-96, 2000-01 and 2005-06.