Let V be a vector space of dimension v over a field of order q. The q-Kneser graph has the k-dimensional subspaces of V as its vertices, where two subspaces α and β are adjacent if and only if α∩β is the zero subspace. This paper is motivated by the problem of determining the chromatic numbers of these graphs. This problem is trivial when k=1 (and the graphs are complete) or when v<2k (and the graphs are empty). We establish some basic theory in the general case. Then specializing to the case k=2, we show that the chromatic number is q²+q when v=4 and (q^v-1-1)/(q-1) when v>4. In both cases we characterise the minimal colourings.