rapid catalyst deactivation that is strongly sensitive to the temperature and bio-oil
composition. This work studies the combined effect of both variables on the stability of a
Ni/Al 2 O 3 catalyst with high Ni dispersion in the internal and external surfaces of the
particles, obtained by reduction of a NiAl 2 O 4. The raw bio-oil composition is modified by (i)
removal of phenolic compounds by liquid–liquid extraction or (ii) use of an online pre …