Liquid fuel has been the main source of energy in internal combustion engines (ICE) for
decades. However, lithium-ion batteries (LIB) have replaced ICE for environmentally friendly
vehicles and reducing fossil fuel dependence. This paper focuses on the comparative
analysis of battery thermal management system (BTMS) to maintain a working temperature
in the range 15–35° C and prevent thermal runaway and high temperature gradient,
consequently increasing LIB lifecycle and performance. The proposed approach is to use …

Liquid fuel has been the main source of energy in internal combustion engines (ICE) for
decades. However, lithium-ion batteries (LIB) have replaced ICE for environmentally friendly
vehicles and reducing fossil fuel dependence. This paper focuses on the comparative
analysis of battery thermal management system (BTMS) to maintain a working temperature
in the range 15–35° C and prevent thermal runaway and high temperature gradient,
consequently increasing LIB lifecycle and performance. The proposed approach is to use …