of environmental pollution. After passing sewage treatment plants (STPs), a significant
concentration of NPs may end up in the aquatic environment where NPs can accumulate in
the aquatic food chain and may cause harmful effects on aquatic organisms. However, when
passing STPs some NPs such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are transformed and enter
the aquatic environment mostly as sulphide species with lower bioavailability and reduced …