harsh environmental conditions. Bacillus subtilis is one of the most studied Gram-positive
bacteria, serving as a model for the study of genetic pathways involved in the different steps
of 3D biofilm formation. B. subtilis biofilm studies have mainly focused on pellicle formation
at the air-liquid interface or complex macrocolonies formed on nutritive agar. However, only
few studies focus on the genetic features of B. subtilis submerged biofilm formation and their …