as scale up strategy.•The transition was conducted from 1000 mL cultivation bottle to 2 L and
8 L airlift photobioreactors.•CFD model was developed for the simulation of airlift
photobioreactor.•CFD provides a powerful means for the design and scale-up of microalgal
photobioreactors.The unicellular green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis accumulates
large amounts of the red ketocarotenoid astaxanthin. Aiming to cultivate these microalgae …