Exploring non‐noble metal photocatalysts with high activity and stability is always fascinating. Herein, the hollow CoS nanocages deriven from ZIF‐67 have been reported for the first time to combine with CeO₂ NPs grown in situ for photocatalytic degradation of stubborn pollutants. The unique CoS nanocages not only provide rich active sites but also enhance light capture. CeO₂ NPs loaded on the surface accelerate the separation of photocharges and extend the lifetime of photogenerated carriers. The optimized photocatalysts show outstanding activity and stability for the photodegradation of tetracycline and phenol under visible light, and the corresponding photodegradation efficiency is 96.5% and 90.5% at 60 minutes. The novel multi‐stage nanocage structure simultaneously realizes extended light absorption and improved photocharges transfer efficiency. This work provides an exclusive perspective to design high‐efficiency photocatalysts with hollow structures for environmental restoration.