photonic system. We report a compact and energy-efficient electro-absorption modulator.
The proposed coupling-assisted design consists of an input silicon rib waveguide and an
epsilon-near-zero material based hybrid plasmonic waveguide. With a 17 μm active device
length, we achieve energy consumption as low as 62.2 fJ/bit while maintaining a modulation
bandwidth of 25.6 GHz and~ 10 dB extinction ratio at 1.55 μm wavelength.