Physical and chemical variables, anostracan populations (Artemia parthenogenetica and Branchinella spinosa) and other biota were studied during 1996–1997 in a Camargue saltern (max. depth ∼1 m). The taxonomic composition and density of macroinvertebrates were investigated twice monthly, based on benthic substrate and water column samples. Fauna was composed of three groups in terms of numerical importance. The benthic macroinvertebrates were represented only by nematodes (< 50 ind. m⁻² to > 500 ind. m⁻² in November–December and May respectively). The zooplankton was dominated by crustaceans, one cladoceran, Moina salina (ranging from 670 to 2350 ind. m⁻² in spring), two anostracans, Artemia parthenogenetica (< 50 ind. m⁻² in autumn), and Branchinella spinosa (max. 190 ind. m⁻² in December to absent in April), and two copepods, Cletocamptus retrogressus (max. density 2000 ind. m⁻² in November), and Eurytemora velox (max. density 650 ind. m⁻² in February–March). Insects (Chironomidae, Culicidae) were rare, with mean densities < 1 ind. m⁻². The phenology of each crustacean population is discussed in relation to physical and chemical water variables. Salinity appeared to be of greatest importance regulating the population abundance.