levels vary with lean muscle mass and diet, confounding measurement of renal function.
Cystatin C (CysC) is an alternative marker used to estimate GFR which is not subject to
these sources of variability. In conditions where frailty and low muscle mass are common,
such as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), Cr may overestimate GFR,
leading to under detection of renal disease. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common co …