Spondylosis refers to age-related degenerative changes within the spinal column.
Radiographic evidence of cervical spondylosis is frequent in asymptomatic adults1, 2.
Approximately 25% of individuals younger than forty years of age, 50% of individuals over
forty years of age, and 85% of individuals over sixty years of age have some degree of disc
degeneration2, 3. Occupations that place increased loads on the head predispose
individuals to the development of cervical spondylosis. Activities such as rugby, soccer, and …

Degenerative changes in the cervical spinal column are ubiquitous in the adult population,
but infrequently symptomatic. The evaluation of patients with symptoms is facilitated by
classifying the resulting clinical syndromes into axial neck pain, cervical radiculopathy,
cervical myelopathy, or a combination of these conditions. Although most patients with axial
neck pain, cervical radiculopathy, or mild cervical myelopathy respond well to initial
nonsurgical treatment, those who continue to have symptoms or patients with clinically …