Objectives: The study purpose is to estimate the correlation between depression and
competing models of frailty, and to determine to what degree the comorbidity of these
syndromes is determined by shared symptomology. Methods: Data come from the 2010
Health and Retirement Study. Analysis was limited to community-dwelling participants 65
and older (N= 3,453). Depressive symptoms were indexed by the 8-item Centers for
Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CESD) scale. Frailty was indexed by 3 alternative …

Methods Data come from the 2010 Health and Retirement Study. Analysis was limited to
community-dwelling participants 65 and older with complete data on depressive and frailty
symptoms (N= 3,640). Depressive symptoms were indexed by the 8-item Centers for
Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale, and frailty was indexed in separate
analyses by items from three alternative models: 1) frailty as a biological syndrome, 2) frailty
as a syndrome of functional impairment, and 3) frailty as a constellation of medical …