Tracking systems were first developed for the shipping industries to determine the position of
ships and boats in the sea. Initially passive systems were developed to support in tracking
and navigation for location-based applications. For the applications that require real time
location information of the vehicle, these systems cannot be employed, because they store
the location information in the internal storage that can only be accessed when vehicle is
available. Recently, Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) systems are developed and deployed …