properties were investigated at local and macroscopic scale. The films were grown on Pd
(111), Pt (111), and V 2 O 3 (0001), supported on A l 2 O 3 substrate. The local conductivity
was measured by conductive atomic force microscopy mapping of C r 2 O 3 surfaces, which
revealed the nature of defects that formed conducting paths with the bottom Pd or Pt layer. A
strong correlation was found between these electrical defects and the grain boundaries …