from silica films. The silica nanowires grow on TiN/Ni/SiO2/Si substrates during the
annealing in H2 or a H2: CH4 mixture at 1050° C. Titanium nitride (TiN) films were used to
induce a solid state reaction with silica (SiO2) films on silicon wafers to provide silicon atoms
into growing nanowires. The TiN layers induce the diffusion of silicon and oxygen to the
surface by a stress gradient built inside the films. The nickel diffuses to the surface during the …