ray diffraction revealed that the TiO2 lattice parameter c decreased continuously, indicating
a continuous variation in the compressive stress, a negligible compressive stress of the film
grown onto Soda-Lime Glass (SLG), medium compressive stress of the film grown onto
BoroSilicate Glass (BSG) and large compressive stress of the film deposited onto the Quartz
Substrate (QS). UV–Vis absorbance spectra exhibited a red-shift of the absorbance edge of …