AIM: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the EMPOWER-
participatory action research (PAR) intervention, a multifaceted strategy based on the
chronic care model (CCM) on primary care providers (PCP)'adherence to type 2 diabetes
mellitus (T2DM) clinical practice guideline (CPG) in the Malaysian primary care setting.
METHODS: This was a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial–PAR conducted in ten
public primary care clinics in Malaysia. Five clinics were randomly selected to provide the …

Objective: Studies have shown that there were poor adherence to type 2 diabetes mellitus
(T2DM) clinical practice guideline (CPG) recommendations among primary care providers
(PCP). The Chronic Care Model (CCM) was proven to be effective in improving providers'
adherence to CPG among T2DM patients in developed countries. However, evidence in
developing countries is still lacking. Methods: This was a pragmatic cluster randomised
controlled trial-participatory action research conducted in ten public primary care clinics in …