potential applicability for converting biomass to biochar with high energy density. Reed, a
major energy crop, was converted by a HTC process in a batch reactor at 200–280° C for 0.5
to 4 h. Biochar mass yield changed from 66.7% to 19.2% and high heating value (HHV) from
20.0 kJ/g to 28.3 kJ/g, respectively, by increasing the carbonization temperature from 200° C
to 280° C and decreasing the residence time from 2 h to 1 h. The Fourier Transform infrared …