accumulation of intermediates and catalytic deactivation. In this study, gas-liquid
photocatalytic oxidation (LPCO) was exploited to improve the catalytic activity and stability
by continuously bubbling VOCs into water. Toluene and commercial TiO 2 (P25) were
chosen as the representative VOC pollutant and photocatalyst, respectively. Toluene
removal efficiency in LPCO was about 6 times of that in conventional SPCO, and no …