used for dynamic simulations of hybrid electric non-road mobile machinery (NRMM) and
other vehicles. Although the model has been developed mainly for large vehicle batteries
with Li-ion based chemistries, it can be used for other battery chemistries as well. The
parameters can be extracted from simple measurement sets. The model calculates eg state-
of-charge, terminal voltage, and open-circuit voltage. In this paper, the model structure and …