decreasing the high CO2 emissions of the transport sector. Their spread is subordinated to
the availability of the suitable electrical infrastructure for the charging, connected to the
public and private electric grids. In addition, in the next future, the interaction with the grid
will not be limited to charging service (Grid to Vehicle, G2V), but could become bidirectional:
EVs will also be able to provide auxiliary services to the electric grid, according to Vehicle-to …