crystal (PC) surface-emitting lasers (SELs) and successfully demonstrated room-
temperature lasing emissions at 1.3-μm wavelength for the first time. The PCSEL device
fabrication was greatly simplified by deposition of transparent conducting layer of indium-tin-
oxide over “PC slab-on-substrate” structure. The threshold current density per QD layer was
as low as 50 A/cm^ 2/layer; however, the optical output was limited to 2 mW. The band-edge …