Although multiple sclerosis (MS) has traditionally been viewed and researched as an
immune-mediated demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the human central
nervous system (CNS), its highly complex pathogenesis clearly includes a significant
vascular inflammatory component and many therapeutic approaches achieve benefit by
direct or indirect effects on cerebrovascular endothelial cells. Cerebral endothelial cells
create and separate the compartments of the peripheral circulation and CNS creating the …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is increasingly being viewed and studied not only as an immune-
mediated demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the human central nervous
system (CNS) but as a vascular-based form of neuroinflammation. Irrespective of the MS
type (relapsing-remitting (RRMS, 85%), secondary progressive (SPMS, 12%), primary
progressive (PPMS, 3%), or progressive-relapsing (PRMS,< 1%)), the complex
pathogenesis of MS can only be appreciated when and if vascular contributions are …