the reverse impact in a comprehensive and novel framework, distinguishing by economic
sectors (commercial, industrial, residential and transportation) and energy source, ie, total
fossil (coal, natural gas and petroleum), nuclear, and renewable (hydroelectric, geothermal
and biomass) for the period 1973: 1 to 2015: 2. To this end, we apply Granger causality
analysis through the Hatemi-J [1] and Toda and Yamamoto [2] approaches from a time …