impact of plunging jets is essential in designing and assessing the stability of lined or unlined plunge pool bottoms. In this article, by developing a large-scale physical model, the generated dynamic pressures at plunge pool bottoms are measured in different plunging jet conditions and pool water depths. The validity of the existing empirical formulations in predicting the dynamic pressure mean (CP) and pressure fluctuations (CP′) is assessed …
Abstract
Predicting the characteristics of the dynamic pressures at plunge pool bottoms due to the impact of plunging jets is essential in designing and assessing the stability of lined or unlined plunge pool bottoms. In this article, by developing a large-scale physical model, the generated dynamic pressures at plunge pool bottoms are measured in different plunging jet conditions and pool water depths. The validity of the existing empirical formulations in predicting the dynamic pressure mean () and pressure fluctuations () is assessed based on the experimental data. The comparison of the predicted results through existing empirical models with the observed experimental data indicates that the recently developed models have acceptable accuracy in predicting the coefficient, but not the coefficient. By running a parametric analysis through dimensional analysis, the dimensionless parameter of plunge pool Froude number [, where, = jet velocity at pool surface, = acceleration due to gravity, and = plunge pool water depth] is introduced as an alternative to , (where, is jet diameter at pool surface) to simultaneously consider the effects of pool water depth and jet velocity. The results indicate that at , the coefficient is negligible and = 0.10. At , increasing the leads to an increase in the and coefficients, whereas at , plunging jet acts on the pool bottom in the form of a core jet; the and coefficients are independent of the parameter. In this circumstance, these coefficients are constant of 0.86 and 0.31, respectively. The nonlinear regression analysis is applied to develop empirical models of the and coefficients based on the parameter in the effective ranges of . The results indicate that the by considering two effective variables of jet velocity and pool water depth is more effective than the ratio in describing the characteristics of dynamic pressure generated at the pool bottom. The extent to which the results are applied in practice is addressed.