investigated. The ferroelectric study demonstrated that, by doping Al3+ ions in the A-site of
BaTiO3, the polarization–electric field loop exhibited enhanced remnant polarization (from
12 to 17.5 μC/cm2), saturation and switching. In addition, the piezoelectric constant (d33)
increased with Al-doping for both static and dynamic strain values (from 75 to 135 and from
29.2 to 57.9 pC/N, respectively, at a maximum applied electric field of 16kV/cm) …