refractory epilepsy before and after Class I evidence demonstrating its efficacy and
subsequent practice guidelines recommending early surgical evaluation. Methods: We
performed a population-based cohort study with time trends of patients admitted to US
hospitals for medically refractory focal epilepsy between 1990 and 2008 who did or did not
undergo lobectomy, as reported in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Results: Weighted data …