Equivariant and Denoising CNNs to Decouple Intensity and Spatial Features for Motion Tracking in Fetal Brain MRI

B Billot, D Moyer, N Karani, M Hoffmann… - Medical Imaging with …, 2023 - openreview.net
B Billot, D Moyer, N Karani, M Hoffmann, EA Turk, E Grant, P Golland
Medical Imaging with Deep Learning, short paper track, 2023openreview.net
Equivariance in convolutional neural networks (CNN) has been a long-sought property, as it
would ensure robustness to expected effects in the data. Convolutional filters are by nature
translation-equivariant, and rotation-equivariant kernels were proposed recently. While
these filters can be paired with learnable weights to form equivariant networks (E-CNN), we
show here that such E-CNNs have a limited learning capacity, which makes them fragile
against even slight changes in intensity distribution. This sensitivity to intensity changes …
Equivariance in convolutional neural networks (CNN) has been a long-sought property, as it would ensure robustness to expected effects in the data. Convolutional filters are by nature translation-equivariant, and rotation-equivariant kernels were proposed recently. While these filters can be paired with learnable weights to form equivariant networks (E-CNN), we show here that such E-CNNs have a limited learning capacity, which makes them fragile against even slight changes in intensity distribution. This sensitivity to intensity changes presents a major challenge in medical imaging where many noise sources can randomly corrupt the data, even for consecutive scans of the same subject. Here, we propose a hybrid architecture that successively decouples intensity and spatial features: we first remove irrelevant noise in the data with a denoising CNN, and then use an E-CNN to extract robust spatial features. We demonstrate our method for motion tracking in fetal brain MRI, where it considerably outperforms standard CNNs and E-CNNs.
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