This is aimed to examine radio protective effect of Curcuma longa rhizome extract (CLE) on radiation induced chromosomal aberrations in cancer treatment. The 50% hydroalcoholic extract was used to treat blood sample (taken from a healthy volunteer). In-vitro cytogenic analysis was performed by arresting metaphase using colchicine. The chromosomal aberrations were observed using light microscopye. For evaluation of the radioprotective role of CLE the abnormal metaphase aberrations were analyzed and their percentage was calculated. Pre-treatment and post treatment with Curcuma longa extract (CLE) at 200 mg/bodyweight mg/body weight, resulted in a significant reduction in the abnormal metaphases, as well as in the different types of aberration. It was concluded that Curcuma longa extract (CLE), when given prior to radiotherapy lead to a decrease in all types of chromosomal aberrations. CLE may therefore have applications to as an adjuvant to radiotherapy in cancer treatment due to its radioprotective potential.