sustainable application. However, the performance of sand–crumb mixtures and the
optimum content of crumbs have not been consistent. The purpose of this study was to
investigate the feasibility of using sand–crumb mixtures for applications such as
embankment fills, backfilling for subgrades, and retaining walls, and assess the optimum
crumb contents in the mix. Mixtures of fill sand and rubber crumbs with sizes of 1–2 mm at …