adiabatically passing through certain real-space topological spin textures, which is a probe
to non-trivial spin textures, such as magnetic skyrmions. We report experimental indications
of spin-texture topological charges induced in heterostructures of a topological insulator (Bi,
Sb) 2Te3 coupled to an antiferromagnet MnTe. Through a seeding effect, the pinned spins at
the interface leads to a tunable modification of the averaged real-space topological charge …