of Ica. as a result of the agriculture export model between 1950 and 2007, particularlyafter
1990. The valley of Ica is the main valley of Peru for agriculture exports, and is located300
km to the south of Lima, capital of Peru. I analyze 3 sub-periods: 1950-1969, when
themonoculture of cotton for external markets was predominant; 1969-1989, when the land
reformchanged water and land use laws, and from 1990 onwards, characterized by the new …