forested and it has one of the lowest forested land per capita (0.009 ha person) estimates
globally (FAO., 2015). Approximately 40% of the Bangladesh natural forest area has been
lost since 1930 (Reddy et al., 2016) due to demands for wood products and agricultural land
expansion. Trees outside forest (ToF), defined as discrete trees and small groups of trees in
non-forest settings, therefore provide important ecosystem services and are an essential …