diseases, such as orthopaedic disorders, endocrinopathies, metabolic abnormalities and
cardiorespiratory disease which can lead to a decreased quality of life and reduced lifespan.
Dog are considered overweight when their body weight is≥ 15% above their ideal body
weight, and as obese when their body weight exceeds 30% of optimal. Prevalence of canine
obesity is estimated to be around 5%–20%, and up to 30%–40% when all overweight dogs …