inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, TGF), secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), the number
of cells expressing the intercellular adhesion molecule-1–ICAM-1 (CD54+) in patients with
pyelonephritis (PN), peculiarities in acute and chronic PN. The high SLPI level was stated in
serum and urine, which can be used, like the cytokine production, as an additional
diagnostic and prognostic markers during the process of treatment.