The present paper investigates the feasibility of modal expansion-based virtual sensing in
the context of offshore wind jacket substructures. For this specific application, issues have
been reported when expanding wind-driven brace vibrations and wave-driven vibrations in
the splash-zone based on a sensor network placed solely above the sea level. These
limitations are addressed in this paper by extending the sensor network with sub-sea
vibration sensors and a wave radar sensor, which allow for capturing local brace vibration …